How To Monitor Remote Linux Host using Nagios

I this article I’ll explain how to monitor a remote Linux host and the various services running on the remote host.

  

6 steps to install Nagios plugin and NRPE on remote host.

1. Download Nagios Plugins and NRPE Add-on
2. Create nagios account
3. Install Nagios Plugins
4. Install NRPE
5. Setup NRPE to run as daemon
6. Modify the /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg

4 Configuration steps on the Nagios monitoring server to monitor remote host:

1. Download NRPE Add-on
2. Install check_nrpe
3. Create host and service definition for remote host
4. Restart the nagios service

Overview:

Following three steps will happen on a very high level when Nagios (installed on the nagios-servers) monitors a service (for e.g. disk space usage) on the remote Linux host.

1. Nagios will execute check_nrpe command on nagios-server and request it to monitor disk usage on remote host using check_disk command.
2. The check_nrpe on the nagios-server will contact the NRPE daemon on remote host and request it to execute the check_disk on remote host.
3. The results of the check_disk command will be returned back by NRPE daemon to the check_nrpe on nagios-server.

Following flow summarizes the above explanation:

 Nagios Server (check_nrpe) —–> Remote host (NRPE deamon) —–> check_disk

Nagios Server (check_nrpe) <—– Remote host (NRPE deamon) <—– check_disk (returns disk space usage)

II.7 steps to install Nagios Plugins and NRPE on the remote host

1. Download Nagios Plugins and NRPE Add-on

 

Download following files from Nagios.org and move to /home/downloads:

• nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz
• nrpe-2.12.tar.gz

2. Create nagios account

[remotehost]# useradd nagios

[remotehost]# passwd nagios

3. Install nagios-plugin

[remotehost]# cd /home/downloads

[remotehost]# tar xvfz nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz

[remotehost]# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.11

[remotehost]# export LDFLAGS=-ldl

[remotehost]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-redhat-pthread-workaround

[remotehost]# make

[remotehost]# make install

[remotehost]# chown nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios

[remotehost]# chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios/libexec/

4. Install NRPE

[remotehost]# cd /home/downloads

[remotehost]# tar xvfz nrpe-2.12.tar.gz

[remotehost]# cd nrpe-2.12

[remotehost]# ./configure

[remotehost]# make all

[remotehost]# make install-plugin

[remotehost]# make install-daemon

[remotehost]# make install-daemon-config

[remotehost]# make install-xinetd

5. Setup NRPE to run as daemon (i.e as part of xinetd):

Modify the /etc/xinetd.d/nrpe to add the ip-address of the Nagios monitoring server to the only_from directive. Note that there is a space after the 127.0.0.1 and the nagios monitoring server ip-address (in this example, nagios monitoring server ip-address is: 192.168.1.2)

       only_from       = 127.0.0.1 192.168.1.2

Modify the /etc/services and add the following at the end of the file.

       nrpe 5666/tcp # NRPE

Start the service

       [remotehost]#service xinetd restart

Verify whether NRPE is listening

       [remotehost]# netstat -at | grep nrpe

       tcp 0      0 *:nrpe *:*                         LISTEN

Verify to make sure the NRPE is functioning properly

[remotehost]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost

NRPE v2.12

6. Modify the /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg

The nrpe.cfg file located on the remote host contains the commands that are needed to check the services on the remote host. By default the nrpe.cfg comes with few standard check commands as samples. check_users and check_load are shown below as an example.

command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10

command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20

 In all the check commands, the “-w” stands for “Warning” and “-c” stands for “Critical”. for e.g. in the check_disk command below, if the available disk space gets to 20% of less, nagios will send warning message. If it gets to 10% or less, nagios will send critical message. Change the value of “-c” and “-w” parameter below depending on your environment.

command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/hda1

Note: You can execute any of the commands shown in the nrpe.cfg on the command line on remote host and see the results for yourself. For e.g. When I executed the check_disk command on the command line, it displayed the following:

[remotehost]#/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/hda1

DISK CRITICAL - free space: / 6420 MB (10% inode=98%);| /=55032MB;51792;58266;0;64741

 

 

 In the above example, since the free disk space on /dev/hda1 is only 10% , it is displaying the CRITICAL message, which will be returned to nagios server.

III. 4 Configuration steps on the Nagios monitoring server to monitor remote host:

1. Download NRPE Add-on

Download nrpe-2.12.tar.gz from Nagios.org and move to /home/downloads:

2. Install check_nrpe on the nagios monitoring server

[nagios-server]# tar xvfz nrpe-2.12.tar.gz

[nagios-server]# cd nrpe-2.1.2

[nagios-server]# ./configure

[nagios-server]# make all

[nagios-server]# make install-plugin

./configure will give a configuration summary as shown below:

*** Configuration summary for nrpe 2.12 05-31-2008 ***:

General Options:

————————-

NRPE port: 5666

NRPE user: nagios

NRPE group: nagios

Nagios user: nagios

Nagios group: nagios

Note: I got the “checking for SSL headers… configure: error: Cannot find ssl headers” error message while performing ./configure. Install openssl-devel as shown below and run the ./configure again to fix the problem.

[nagios-server]# rpm -ivh openssl-devel-0.9.7a-43.16.i386.rpm krb5-devel-1.3.4-47.i386.rpm zlib-devel-1.2.1.2-1.2.i386.rpm e2fsprogs-devel-1.35-12.5.

el4.i386.rpm

warning: openssl-devel-0.9.7a-43.16.i386.rpm: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID db42a60e

Preparing… ########################################### [100%]

1:e2fsprogs-devel ########################################### [ 25%]

2:krb5-devel ########################################### [ 50%]

3:zlib-devel ########################################### [ 75%]

4:openssl-devel ########################################### [100%]

Verify whether nagios monitoring server can talk to the remotehost.

[nagios-server]#/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.1.3

NRPE v2.12

Note: 192.168.1.3 in the ip-address of the remotehost where the NRPE and nagios plugin was installed as explained above.

3. Create host and service definition for remotehost

Create a new configuration file /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/remotehost.cfg to define the host and service definition for this particular remotehost. It is good to take the localhost.cfg and copy it as remotehost.cfg and start modifying it according to your needs.

 host definition sample:

define host{

use linux-server

host_name remotehost

alias Remote Host

address 192.168.1.3

contact_groups admins

}

 

 

Service definition sample:

define service{

use generic-service

service_description Root Partition

contact_groups admins

check_command check_nrpe!check_disk

}

Note: In all the above examples, replace remotehost with the corresponding hostname of your remotehost.

Dont forget to include

 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/remotehost.cfg

 in /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

4. Restart the nagios service

Restart the nagios as shown below and login to the nagios web (http://nagios-server/nagios/) to verify the status of the remotehost linux sever that was added to nagios for monitoring.

[nagios-server]# service nagios reload

Troubleshooting:

On Red Hat, For me the ./configure command was hanging with the the message: “checking for redhat spopen problem…”. Add --enable-redhat-pthread-workaround to the ./configure command as a work-around for the above problem.

 You may also modify commands.cfg to add check_nrpe that was not by default in that file.

 # ‘check_nrpe’ command definition

 define command{

 command_name check_nrpe

 command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -t 30 -c $ARG1$

 }

 add the following in /objects/commands.cfg of the Nagios server. 

define command{

 command_name check_nrpe

 command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$

 }